NC BL 04/00/2007 Table: Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, Bulletin 3135-49, July 2006
Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC,
July 2006
Civilian Private industry State and local government
workers workers workers
Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings
Worker and establishment
characteristics Mean Mean Mean
weekly weekly weekly
Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(-
Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3)
(percen- (percen- (percen-
t) t) t)
All workers........................................................... $15.91 3.3 34.1 $14.88 4.1 33.4 $21.43 1.2 38.3
Worker characteristics(4)(5)
Management, professional, and related............................... 26.00 4.8 36.9 25.05 7.2 36.6 28.25 1.8 37.7
Management, business, and financial............................... 30.91 8.9 39.8 31.03 10.0 39.8 30.04 9.2 39.7
Professional and related.......................................... 23.73 4.0 35.7 21.14 6.5 34.8 27.98 1.9 37.4
Service............................................................. 10.02 3.5 28.6 8.62 5.0 26.9 16.05 3.8 39.8
Sales and office.................................................... 12.50 4.4 33.0 12.42 4.8 32.6 13.42 1.0 39.3
Sales and related................................................. 12.06 9.9 31.5 12.06 10.0 31.4 � � �
Office and administrative support................................. 12.83 1.2 34.3 12.73 1.4 33.6 13.53 .9 39.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 15.87 5.5 38.2 15.75 6.2 37.9 16.68 3.1 40.0
Construction and extraction...................................... 15.92 8.7 38.2 15.84 9.5 38.0 16.63 5.3 40.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 15.77 3.8 38.1 15.55 4.5 37.7 16.74 4.8 40.0
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 13.03 8.7 36.6 12.93 9.3 36.7 14.40 6.4 34.8
Production........................................................ 16.38 13.6 39.6 16.30 14.1 39.6 18.51 16.3 40.0
Transportation and material moving................................ 10.56 8.9 34.6 10.31 9.6 34.7 13.19 2.5 33.5
Full time........................................................... 17.59 2.8 39.7 16.59 3.6 39.8 21.84 1.7 39.2
Part time........................................................... 9.49 5.5 22.1 9.46 5.6 22.0 10.51 2.1 24.2
Union............................................................... 16.72 6.5 36.4 16.76 6.5 36.5 � � �
Nonunion............................................................ 15.86 3.4 33.9 14.74 4.2 33.2 21.45 1.2 38.3
Time................................................................ 15.79 3.4 34.0 14.69 4.2 33.2 21.43 1.2 38.3
Incentive........................................................... 19.15 11.1 37.1 19.15 11.1 37.1 � � �
Establishment characteristics
Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 18.41 7.2 38.9 (6) (6) (6)
Service providing................................................... (6) (6) (6) - - - (6) (6) (6)
1-99 workers........................................................ 13.37 5.2 32.1 13.35 5.2 32.1 18.67 9.8 37.1
100-499 workers..................................................... 14.26 6.7 34.3 14.06 7.1 34.1 18.23 9.5 38.1
500 workers or more................................................. 21.40 3.5 37.6 21.09 7.1 36.8 21.72 1.0 38.3
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval"
around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are
those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those
whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-providing industries applies to private industry only. Industries are determined by the
2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $15.91 3.3 $17.59 2.8 $9.49 5.5
Management occupations.............................................. 35.91 9.7 36.05 10.0 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 28.55 6.0 28.55 6.0 � �
Level 11.................................................. 34.91 4.7 34.91 4.7 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 32.94 4.4 33.38 5.3 � �
Financial managers................................................ 27.16 7.4 26.20 8.1 � �
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.94 4.1 24.06 4.2 � �
Level 8 .................................................. 23.38 6.1 23.38 6.1 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 22.86 5.2 23.06 6.8 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 22.50 4.8 22.55 5.0 � �
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 18.99 6.8 18.99 6.8 � �
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 27.69 17.0 27.69 17.0 � �
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.35 2.5 24.89 3.5 � �
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 25.82 10.0 25.82 10.0 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 27.68 7.8 27.68 7.8 � �
Engineers......................................................... 30.40 3.8 30.40 3.8 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 24.14 13.8 24.14 13.8 � �
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 22.88 15.9 22.88 15.9 � �
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 27.35 7.5 27.35 7.5 � �
Community and social services occupations........................... 18.77 11.1 19.20 12.3 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 11.55 6.4 � � � �
Level 7 .................................................. 16.09 4.2 16.09 4.2 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 30.57 3.4 30.93 3.6 � �
Counselors........................................................ 25.38 20.3 26.38 17.8 � �
Social workers.................................................... 23.61 10.7 23.61 10.7 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.10 3.8 17.10 3.8 � �
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 20.43 8.4 20.43 8.4 � �
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 15.41 5.6 14.65 9.2 � �
Social and human service assistants............................. 16.80 12.9 � � � �
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.11 2.2 29.66 2.2 11.73 14.5
Level 2 .................................................. 10.51 3.2 10.51 3.2 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 19.99 3.0 20.08 3.0 � �
Level 8 .................................................. 32.96 1.4 33.07 1.2 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.87 1.1 31.87 1.1 � �
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 30.26 7.6 32.47 7.3 � �
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 31.59 1.6 31.59 1.6 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.79 1.1 31.79 1.1 � �
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 32.06 1.3 32.06 1.3 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.70 .7 31.70 .7 � �
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 32.16 1.0 32.16 1.0 � �
Level 9 .................................................. $31.78 0.9 $31.78 0.9 � �
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.72 4.0 31.72 4.0 � �
Secondary school teachers....................................... 31.87 1.4 31.87 1.4 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 32.26 1.7 32.26 1.7 � �
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.87 1.4 31.87 1.4 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 32.26 1.7 32.26 1.7 � �
Other teachers and instructors.................................... 23.01 29.9 � � � �
Librarians........................................................ 32.67 5.0 32.67 5.0 � �
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.18 1.3 12.18 1.3 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 10.51 3.2 10.51 3.2 � �
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.51 9.7 22.98 9.2 � �
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 21.88 13.1 21.54 15.1 $25.79 10.1
Level 4 .................................................. 12.22 14.9 12.22 14.9 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 15.96 2.8 15.96 2.8 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.61 5.1 � � � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.65 3.9 21.75 5.9 � �
Level 8 .................................................. 21.10 3.4 20.49 1.9 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 27.46 3.8 26.65 3.6 33.45 12.5
Registered nurses................................................. 23.15 5.5 22.39 6.3 26.55 .9
Level 8 .................................................. 23.84 2.7 23.42 1.6 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 25.45 1.8 25.00 2.2 27.49 2.4
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.74 1.4 15.73 1.7 � �
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.88 5.8 11.46 9.7 9.65 8.4
Level 2 .................................................. 9.22 4.2 � � 9.11 5.5
Level 3 .................................................. 10.50 4.0 10.27 2.4 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 10.07 2.6 � � � �
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.77 1.9 10.10 2.1 9.18 4.3
Level 3 .................................................. 10.24 2.0 10.23 2.5 � �
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.79 .4 9.91 .7 9.51 1.5
Level 3 .................................................. 9.98 1.0 9.96 1.1 � �
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 10.51 7.2 � � � �
Protective service occupations...................................... 13.32 5.0 14.67 3.6 8.34 4.0
Level 2 .................................................. 8.27 4.1 � � 8.36 5.9
Level 5 .................................................. 14.60 3.3 14.60 3.3 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 16.16 1.2 16.16 1.2 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 20.68 .2 20.68 .2 � �
Level 8 .................................................. 23.79 9.0 23.79 9.0 � �
Fire fighters..................................................... 14.76 1.5 14.76 1.5 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 13.96 .6 13.96 .6 � �
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 14.82 2.5 14.82 2.5 � �
Correctional officers and jailers............................... $14.82 2.5 $14.82 2.5 � �
Police officers................................................... 20.46 4.2 20.46 4.2 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.24 4.4 17.24 4.4 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.47 5.3 22.47 5.3 � �
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 20.46 4.2 20.46 4.2 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.24 4.4 17.24 4.4 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.47 5.3 22.47 5.3 � �
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 8.74 2.9 � � $8.38 4.3
Security guards................................................. 8.74 2.9 � � 8.38 4.3
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................... 8.52 2.5 � � � �
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective
service workers................................................ 8.52 2.5 � � � �
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.15 7.7 9.17 17.3 7.83 14.8
Level 1 .................................................. 7.68 11.0 � � 7.37 12.1
Level 2 .................................................. 5.71 7.3 � � 6.08 4.2
Cooks............................................................. 7.19 2.0 � � 7.14 1.8
Food service, tipped.............................................. 8.28 17.5 � � 9.10 27.9
Level 2 .................................................. 2.74 11.7 � � � �
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.63 32.6 � � 2.20 6.2
Level 2 .................................................. 2.34 7.0 � � � �
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 6.70 6.5 � � 6.64 6.5
Level 1 .................................................. 6.32 4.3 � � � �
Level 2 .................................................. 7.31 12.5 � � � �
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 6.70 6.5 � � 6.64 6.5
Level 1 .................................................. 6.32 4.3 � � � �
Level 2 .................................................. 7.31 12.5 � � � �
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.35 7.9 11.41 6.6 11.16 30.7
Level 1 .................................................. 8.82 6.0 9.67 5.8 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 12.31 21.5 13.30 23.7 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.52 3.4 11.55 3.3 � �
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.12 8.9 11.00 7.2 � �
Level 1 .................................................. 8.82 6.0 9.67 5.8 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 12.96 22.9 13.30 23.7 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.52 3.6 11.55 3.6 � �
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.69 13.2 11.77 12.3 � �
Level 1 .................................................. 8.82 6.0 9.67 5.8 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 14.00 25.9 � � � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.52 3.6 11.55 3.6 � �
Personal care and service occupations............................... 7.14 10.3 � � 6.53 6.1
Level 1 .................................................. 6.93 1.6 � � 6.90 1.9
Sales and related occupations....................................... 12.06 9.9 13.69 10.4 7.89 4.8
Level 1 .................................................. $6.72 5.2 � � $6.38 5.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.73 6.0 � � 7.69 3.8
Level 3 .................................................. 10.01 3.8 $10.30 4.9 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 12.57 10.9 13.07 13.1 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 16.77 5.4 16.77 5.4 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 18.06 14.1 18.06 14.1 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.10 44.7 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 16.23 5.0 16.23 5.0 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 15.85 4.6 15.85 4.6 � �
Retail sales workers.............................................. 9.43 2.7 10.32 4.5 7.81 5.3
Level 1 .................................................. 6.72 5.2 � � 6.38 5.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.47 7.5 � � 7.42 1.4
Level 3 .................................................. 10.18 4.0 10.48 5.1 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 11.56 1.6 12.01 3.2 � �
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.48 4.0 � � 7.56 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 7.82 9.2 � � � �
Cashiers...................................................... 8.48 4.0 � � 7.56 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 7.82 9.2 � � � �
Retail salespersons............................................. 10.01 6.8 11.28 3.0 7.96 10.6
Level 1 .................................................. 6.40 6.5 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. � � 11.65 3.1 � �
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.83 1.2 13.02 1.5 11.90 2.1
Level 2 .................................................. 9.76 2.9 9.99 3.1 8.89 7.7
Level 3 .................................................. 12.01 4.5 12.41 4.8 8.92 5.2
Level 4 .................................................. 12.77 2.0 12.77 2.2 12.77 4.6
Level 5 .................................................. 13.82 5.9 14.10 5.4 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 16.81 4.8 17.34 6.6 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 14.43 6.4 14.43 6.4 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.27 4.8 13.44 4.8 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 15.58 3.7 15.58 3.7 � �
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.97 4.2 13.80 6.8 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.19 4.3 12.91 6.3 � �
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.23 5.1 14.07 10.6 � �
Level 4 .................................................. � � 14.39 5.0 � �
Customer service representatives.................................. 12.62 2.9 12.62 2.9 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 12.71 2.1 12.71 2.1 � �
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 10.16 11.4 � � � �
Order clerks...................................................... 9.65 6.5 � � � �
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 10.68 2.3 11.04 3.1 � �
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.33 3.7 10.83 4.9 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 3.9 � � � �
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.09 3.4 13.45 3.7 10.99 9.4
Level 4 .................................................. 12.33 3.6 12.34 4.3 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 13.97 9.5 � � � �
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. $13.61 3.2 $13.86 2.7 � �
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.92 7.7 13.45 8.6 � �
Office clerks, general............................................ 11.98 2.7 12.32 3.1 $9.38 8.0
Level 3 .................................................. 10.79 3.3 11.12 3.4 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 14.10 5.8 14.57 7.3 � �
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 15.92 8.7 16.04 8.6 � �
Level 1 .................................................. 8.93 9.3 8.95 10.3 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.67 2.3 9.76 2.2 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.99 3.8 11.99 3.8 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.22 4.8 13.22 4.8 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 17.07 3.6 17.07 3.6 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 19.49 9.8 19.53 10.6 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 20.38 2.5 20.38 2.5 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 24.17 4.7 24.17 4.7 � �
Construction laborers............................................. 10.86 1.0 10.86 1.0 � �
Electricians...................................................... 17.86 5.9 17.86 5.9 � �
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 17.22 10.7 17.22 10.7 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 19.47 7.9 19.47 7.9 � �
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 19.13 6.1 19.13 6.1 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 19.47 7.9 19.47 7.9 � �
Helpers, construction trades...................................... 9.54 9.7 9.60 11.5 � �
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 19.94 3.6 19.94 3.6 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 15.77 3.8 16.06 3.9 12.16 10.2
Level 2 .................................................. 9.63 9.0 9.80 9.3 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 9.92 4.1 � � � �
Level 5 .................................................. 15.49 4.8 15.49 4.8 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 21.91 3.1 22.52 3.5 � �
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
installers....................................................... 16.82 3.6 16.82 3.6 � �
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 22.22 10.8 22.63 10.0 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.23 7.7 22.23 7.7 � �
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 12.93 14.1 13.14 15.8 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 10.01 10.8 10.29 11.2 � �
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 10.70 10.4 11.17 9.9 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 10.71 10.6 � � � �
Production occupations.............................................. 16.38 13.6 16.60 14.0 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.21 9.5 9.21 9.5 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 16.92 14.2 20.18 16.5 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.80 6.1 13.80 6.1 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 17.13 2.4 17.13 2.4 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 18.45 3.3 18.45 3.3 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 19.03 3.9 19.03 3.9 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... $26.41 15.6 $26.41 15.6 � �
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 16.17 32.2 16.17 32.2 � �
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 10.51 10.2 11.16 16.4 � �
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 10.56 8.9 11.45 6.5 $8.08 6.3
Level 1 .................................................. 7.75 10.2 8.31 14.3 6.96 7.7
Level 2 .................................................. 9.24 6.1 9.52 4.0 8.58 9.6
Level 3 .................................................. 10.69 5.9 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.58 4.7 13.69 5.0 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 12.59 19.9 12.54 20.1 � �
Bus drivers....................................................... 12.79 2.1 � � 11.90 1.3
Bus drivers, school............................................. 13.10 2.9 � � 12.25 2.5
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.66 9.1 11.75 9.7 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 14.03 13.6 14.03 13.6 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 11.83 21.7 11.83 21.7 � �
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.74 12.8 11.74 12.8 � �
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 12.93 13.6 13.33 15.0 � �
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 11.67 5.7 12.14 5.3 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.95 3.3 9.95 3.3 � �
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 9.07 8.8 10.42 6.1 7.64 10.0
Level 1 .................................................. 7.94 8.2 9.40 4.2 7.09 9.0
Level 2 .................................................. 8.71 7.0 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. 12.63 11.4 � � � �
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.03 11.6 10.69 10.3 7.58 12.0
Level 1 .................................................. 7.12 9.8 � � 6.89 9.6
Level 4 .................................................. 12.63 11.4 � � � �
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.21 4.6 � � � �
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may
include data for categories not shown separately
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $14.88 4.1 $16.59 3.6 $9.46 5.6
Management occupations.............................................. 36.12 11.2 36.30 11.6 � �
Level 11.................................................. 35.79 3.7 35.79 3.7 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 31.47 5.2 31.50 7.5 � �
Financial managers................................................ 27.00 7.4 25.99 8.0 � �
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 24.36 4.4 24.52 4.5 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 24.02 3.4 24.78 3.4 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 22.50 4.8 22.55 5.0 � �
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 19.46 8.6 19.46 8.6 � �
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 27.69 17.0 27.69 17.0 � �
Accountants and auditors.......................................... � � 24.96 3.7 � �
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 25.95 10.4 25.95 10.4 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 27.68 7.8 27.68 7.8 � �
Engineers......................................................... 30.10 4.7 30.10 4.7 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 24.14 13.8 24.14 13.8 � �
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 22.88 15.9 22.88 15.9 � �
Community and social services occupations........................... 15.44 10.6 14.84 16.4 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 11.26 6.4 � � � �
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 24.22 10.3 27.22 13.4 11.73 14.5
Level 7 .................................................. 20.03 4.7 � � � �
Level 9 .................................................. 33.78 19.1 33.78 19.1 � �
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 26.63 10.2 � � � �
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.71 18.0 27.71 18.0 � �
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.03 19.6 28.03 19.6 � �
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 24.71 5.2 � � � �
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 21.46 15.2 21.00 17.7 26.19 10.4
Level 4 .................................................. 12.22 14.9 12.22 14.9 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 16.05 2.8 16.05 2.8 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 23.05 4.0 � � � �
Level 8 .................................................. 20.83 4.4 19.96 1.7 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 27.47 4.0 26.61 3.9 33.45 12.5
Registered nurses................................................. 23.04 6.7 22.03 7.8 26.55 .9
Level 8 .................................................. 24.17 3.3 23.64 1.9 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 25.17 .8 � � 27.49 2.4
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.79 1.3 � � � �
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.89 6.5 11.51 10.8 9.63 9.3
Level 2 .................................................. 9.22 4.2 � � 9.11 5.5
Level 3 .................................................. 10.34 5.1 9.97 1.3 � �
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... $9.59 2.6 $9.88 0.5 $9.10 4.8
Level 3 .................................................. 9.95 .8 9.93 .8 � �
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.79 .2 9.88 .5 9.55 1.2
Level 3 .................................................. 9.95 .8 9.93 .8 � �
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 10.52 7.8 � � � �
Protective service occupations...................................... 8.46 1.3 8.55 1.3 8.34 4.0
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 8.45 1.7 � � 8.38 4.3
Security guards................................................. 8.45 1.7 � � 8.38 4.3
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.06 8.1 8.93 17.6 7.80 15.1
Level 1 .................................................. 7.60 11.8 � � 7.28 13.0
Level 2 .................................................. 5.67 7.4 � � 6.08 4.2
Cooks............................................................. 7.14 1.8 � � 7.14 1.8
Food service, tipped.............................................. 8.28 17.5 � � 9.10 27.9
Level 2 .................................................. 2.74 11.7 � � 2.74 28.2
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.63 32.6 � � 2.20 6.2
Level 2 .................................................. 2.34 7.0 � � � �
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 6.57 7.4 � � 6.50 7.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.31 12.5 � � � �
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 6.57 7.4 � � 6.50 7.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.31 12.5 � � � �
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.78 12.6 11.90 11.2 � �
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.39 14.8 11.28 14.3 � �
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.98 29.7 � � � �
Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.57 5.5 � � 6.50 6.1
Level 1 .................................................. 6.92 1.4 � � 6.88 1.8
Sales and related occupations....................................... 12.06 10.0 13.72 10.6 7.89 4.8
Level 1 .................................................. 6.63 5.0 � � 6.38 5.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.73 6.0 � � 7.69 3.8
Level 3 .................................................. 10.01 3.8 10.30 4.9 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 12.57 10.9 13.07 13.1 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 16.96 5.2 16.96 5.2 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 18.06 14.1 18.06 14.1 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.10 44.7 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 16.23 5.0 16.23 5.0 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 15.85 4.6 15.85 4.6 � �
Retail sales workers.............................................. 9.37 2.7 10.27 4.6 7.81 5.3
Level 1 .................................................. 6.63 5.0 � � 6.38 5.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.47 7.5 � � 7.42 1.4
Level 3 .................................................. 10.18 4.0 10.48 5.1 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 11.56 1.6 12.01 3.2 � �
Cashiers, all workers........................................... $8.48 4.0 � � $7.56 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 7.82 9.2 � � � �
Cashiers...................................................... 8.48 4.0 � � 7.56 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 7.82 9.2 � � � �
Retail salespersons............................................. 9.94 6.8 $11.24 3.0 7.96 10.6
Level 1 .................................................. 6.16 .0 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. � � 11.65 3.1 � �
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.73 1.4 12.91 1.8 11.96 2.1
Level 2 .................................................. 9.63 3.1 9.85 3.2 8.89 7.7
Level 3 .................................................. 12.16 5.2 12.65 5.8 8.98 5.6
Level 4 .................................................. 12.67 2.2 12.64 2.4 12.77 4.6
Level 5 .................................................. 13.57 7.7 13.91 7.1 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 16.73 5.5 17.35 8.2 � �
Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.27 4.8 13.44 4.8 � �
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.99 4.5 13.82 7.7 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.00 4.3 12.59 6.4 � �
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... � � 14.25 13.0 � �
Customer service representatives.................................. 12.63 2.9 12.63 2.9 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 12.71 2.1 12.71 2.1 � �
Order clerks...................................................... 9.65 6.5 � � � �
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 10.69 2.4 11.06 3.3 � �
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.09 3.6 10.59 4.7 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 3.9 � � � �
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.22 3.9 12.56 4.4 10.99 9.4
Level 4 .................................................. 12.25 4.0 12.24 4.7 � �
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. � � 13.14 2.8 � �
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 11.56 9.3 � � � �
Office clerks, general............................................ 11.80 3.2 12.22 3.7 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 10.79 3.8 11.17 4.0 � �
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 15.84 9.5 15.98 9.5 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.67 2.3 9.76 2.2 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 17.09 3.6 17.09 3.6 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 19.01 15.3 19.02 17.0 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 20.38 2.6 20.38 2.6 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 24.44 4.9 24.44 4.9 � �
Construction laborers............................................. 10.61 2.2 10.61 2.2 � �
Electricians...................................................... 16.89 2.5 16.89 2.5 � �
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 17.21 11.0 17.21 11.0 � �
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 19.20 6.3 19.20 6.3 � �
Helpers, construction trades...................................... 9.49 10.0 � � � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 15.55 4.5 15.89 4.7 12.16 10.2
Level 2 .................................................. 9.58 11.4 � � � �
Level 3 .................................................. $9.92 4.1 � � � �
Level 5 .................................................. 15.65 5.5 $15.65 5.5 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.68 5.5 23.80 7.8 � �
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 23.34 11.3 � � � �
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 13.14 16.3 13.44 18.5 � �
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 11.19 13.4 � � � �
Production occupations.............................................. 16.30 14.1 16.53 14.5 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.21 9.5 9.21 9.5 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 16.92 14.2 20.18 16.5 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 17.14 2.4 17.14 2.4 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 18.52 3.3 18.52 3.3 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 18.87 4.4 18.87 4.4 � �
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 26.30 16.5 26.30 16.5 � �
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 16.17 32.2 16.17 32.2 � �
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 10.51 10.2 11.16 16.4 � �
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 10.31 9.6 11.22 7.2 $7.73 5.1
Level 1 .................................................. 7.75 10.2 8.31 14.3 6.95 7.7
Level 2 .................................................. 9.15 6.0 9.49 4.1 8.35 8.8
Level 3 .................................................. 10.57 6.7 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.42 6.1 13.52 6.6 � �
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.44 9.8 11.49 10.1 � �
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.03 13.8 11.03 13.8 � �
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 13.10 14.7 � � � �
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 11.58 5.9 12.06 5.6 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 9.95 3.3 9.95 3.3 � �
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 9.07 8.9 10.42 6.1 7.64 10.0
Level 1 .................................................. 7.94 8.2 9.40 4.2 7.08 9.0
Level 2 .................................................. 8.71 7.0 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. 12.63 11.4 � � � �
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.03 11.6 10.69 10.3 7.57 12.1
Level 1 .................................................. 7.12 9.8 � � 6.88 9.6
Level 4 .................................................. 12.63 11.4 � � � �
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.21 4.6 � � � �
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3),
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $21.43 1.2 $21.84 1.7 $10.51 2.1
Management occupations.............................................. 34.65 4.5 34.66 4.5 � �
Community and social services occupations........................... 25.03 4.3 25.10 4.4 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 18.03 1.1 18.03 1.1 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.64 4.7 31.64 4.7 � �
Counselors........................................................ 32.69 3.8 32.69 3.8 � �
Social workers.................................................... 20.86 12.2 20.86 12.2 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.10 3.8 17.10 3.8 � �
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 20.43 8.4 20.43 8.4 � �
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 19.74 8.3 19.87 8.4 � �
Social and human service assistants............................. 16.80 12.9 � � � �
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.03 1.5 30.03 1.5 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.77 .7 31.77 .7 � �
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 31.83 1.2 31.83 1.2 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.74 .7 31.74 .7 � �
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 32.29 .6 32.29 .6 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.59 .6 31.59 .6 � �
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 32.23 1.0 32.23 1.0 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 31.74 .9 31.74 .9 � �
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 32.50 1.4 32.50 1.4 � �
Secondary school teachers....................................... 31.92 .1 31.92 .1 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 32.36 .4 32.36 .4 � �
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.92 .1 31.92 .1 � �
Level 9 .................................................. 32.36 .4 32.36 .4 � �
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.30 .9 12.30 .9 � �
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.83 14.6 25.07 15.3 � �
Registered nurses................................................. 23.67 2.7 23.67 2.7 � �
Protective service occupations...................................... 18.69 .9 18.73 1.0 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 14.60 3.3 14.60 3.3 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 16.16 1.2 16.16 1.2 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 20.68 .2 20.68 .2 � �
Level 8 .................................................. 23.79 9.0 23.79 9.0 � �
Fire fighters..................................................... 14.76 1.5 14.76 1.5 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 13.96 .6 13.96 .6 � �
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 14.82 2.5 14.82 2.5 � �
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 14.82 2.5 14.82 2.5 � �
Police officers................................................... 20.46 4.2 20.46 4.2 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.24 4.4 17.24 4.4 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.47 5.3 22.47 5.3 � �
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ $20.46 4.2 $20.46 4.2 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.24 4.4 17.24 4.4 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 22.47 5.3 22.47 5.3 � �
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 11.54 5.9 � � � �
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.68 2.1 10.85 1.2 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.52 3.4 11.55 3.3 � �
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.73 1.3 10.74 1.4 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.52 3.6 11.55 3.6 � �
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 10.73 1.3 10.74 1.4 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.52 3.6 11.55 3.6 � �
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 13.53 .9 13.65 .8 � �
Level 2 .................................................. 11.51 .5 11.51 .5 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 11.55 7.5 11.72 6.8 � �
Level 4 .................................................. 13.77 3.0 13.77 3.0 � �
Level 5 .................................................. 14.70 .7 14.70 .7 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 17.33 3.8 17.33 3.8 � �
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.65 12.0 13.65 12.0 � �
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 10.16 11.4 � � � �
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 14.99 3.8 14.99 3.8 � �
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 14.79 6.4 14.79 6.4 � �
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.52 4.9 12.59 5.4 � �
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.63 5.3 16.63 5.3 � �
Level 3 .................................................. 10.72 1.8 10.72 1.8 � �
Level 6 .................................................. 20.42 .9 20.42 .9 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 20.32 7.4 20.32 7.4 � �
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 19.94 3.6 19.94 3.6 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 16.74 4.8 16.74 4.8 � �
Level 7 .................................................. 20.27 5.0 20.27 5.0 � �
Production occupations.............................................. 18.51 16.3 18.51 16.3 � �
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.19 2.5 13.88 3.0 $11.44 3.3
Level 2 .................................................. 11.67 5.6 � � � �
Level 4 .................................................. 14.08 4.4 14.22 4.6 � �
Bus drivers....................................................... 12.87 2.2 � � 11.98 1.5
Bus drivers, school............................................. 13.21 3.1 � � � �
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 5. Combined work levels(1) for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for full-time and part-time workers(3), Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $15.91 3.3 $17.59 2.8 $9.49 5.5
Management occupations.............................................. 35.91 9.7 36.05 10.0 � �
Group II.................................................. 18.28 8.7 � � � �
Group III................................................. 36.25 8.8 � � � �
Group IV.................................................. 53.50 1.6 � � � �
Financial managers................................................ 27.16 7.4 26.20 8.1 � �
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.94 4.1 24.06 4.2 � �
Group II.................................................. 22.02 2.6 � � � �
Group III................................................. 28.29 9.5 � � � �
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 18.99 6.8 18.99 6.8 � �
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 27.69 17.0 27.69 17.0 � �
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.35 2.5 24.89 3.5 � �
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 25.82 10.0 25.82 10.0 � �
Group II.................................................. 22.67 11.4 � � � �
Group III................................................. 30.87 6.6 � � � �
Engineers......................................................... 30.40 3.8 30.40 3.8 � �
Group III................................................. 31.32 8.7 � � � �
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 22.88 15.9 22.88 15.9 � �
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 27.35 7.5 27.35 7.5 � �
Community and social services occupations........................... 18.77 11.1 19.20 12.3 � �
Group II.................................................. 15.01 6.0 � � � �
Group III................................................. 31.43 3.8 � � � �
Counselors........................................................ 25.38 20.3 26.38 17.8 � �
Social workers.................................................... 23.61 10.7 23.61 10.7 � �
Group II.................................................. 16.74 1.2 � � � �
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 20.43 8.4 20.43 8.4 � �
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 15.41 5.6 14.65 9.2 � �
Social and human service assistants............................. 16.80 12.9 � � � �
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.11 2.2 29.66 2.2 11.73 14.5
Group I................................................... 12.18 1.3 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 27.78 6.0 � � � �
Group III................................................. 32.09 1.5 � � � �
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 30.26 7.6 32.47 7.3 � �
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 31.59 1.6 31.59 1.6 � �
Group II.................................................. 31.09 4.2 � � � �
Group III................................................. 31.79 1.1 � � � �
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 32.06 1.3 32.06 1.3 � �
Group II.................................................. 32.90 3.3 � � � �
Group III................................................. 31.70 .7 � � � �
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 32.16 1.0 32.16 1.0 � �
Group III................................................. $31.78 0.9 $31.78 0.9 � �
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.72 4.0 31.72 4.0 � �
Secondary school teachers....................................... 31.87 1.4 31.87 1.4 � �
Group III................................................. 32.26 1.7 � � � �
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.87 1.4 31.87 1.4 � �
Group III................................................. 32.26 1.7 32.26 1.7 � �
Other teachers and instructors.................................... 23.01 29.9 � � � �
Librarians........................................................ 32.67 5.0 32.67 5.0 � �
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.18 1.3 12.18 1.3 � �
Group I................................................... 12.18 1.3 12.18 1.3 � �
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.51 9.7 22.98 9.2 � �
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 21.88 13.1 21.54 15.1 $25.79 10.1
Group I................................................... 11.97 10.6 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 19.08 2.6 � � � �
Group III................................................. 35.18 8.7 � � � �
Registered nurses................................................. 23.15 5.5 22.39 6.3 26.55 .9
Group II.................................................. 22.23 7.0 21.34 7.4 � �
Group III................................................. 25.45 1.8 25.00 2.2 27.49 2.4
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.74 1.4 15.73 1.7 � �
Group II.................................................. 15.97 1.5 � � � �
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.88 5.8 11.46 9.7 9.65 8.4
Group I................................................... 9.93 2.9 � � � �
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.77 1.9 10.10 2.1 9.18 4.3
Group I................................................... 9.77 1.9 � � � �
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.79 .4 9.91 .7 9.51 1.5
Group I................................................... 9.79 .4 9.91 .7 9.51 1.5
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 10.51 7.2 � � � �
Group I................................................... 10.51 7.2 � � � �
Protective service occupations...................................... 13.32 5.0 14.67 3.6 8.34 4.0
Group I................................................... 8.60 2.4 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 18.07 .5 � � � �
Fire fighters..................................................... 14.76 1.5 14.76 1.5 � �
Group II.................................................. 14.76 1.6 14.76 1.6 � �
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 14.82 2.5 14.82 2.5 � �
Group II.................................................. 14.82 2.5 � � � �
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 14.82 2.5 14.82 2.5 � �
Group II.................................................. 14.82 2.5 14.82 2.5 � �
Police officers................................................... 20.46 4.2 20.46 4.2 � �
Group II.................................................. 20.58 4.7 � � � �
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 20.46 4.2 20.46 4.2 � �
Group II.................................................. $20.58 4.7 $20.58 4.7 � �
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 8.74 2.9 � � $8.38 4.3
Group I................................................... 8.42 1.6 � � � �
Security guards................................................. 8.74 2.9 � � 8.38 4.3
Group I................................................... 8.42 1.6 � � 8.38 4.3
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................... 8.52 2.5 � � � �
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective
service workers................................................ 8.52 2.5 � � � �
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.15 7.7 9.17 17.3 7.83 14.8
Group I................................................... 7.77 6.0 � � � �
Cooks............................................................. 7.19 2.0 � � 7.14 1.8
Group I................................................... 7.19 2.0 � � � �
Food service, tipped.............................................. 8.28 17.5 � � 9.10 27.9
Group I................................................... 8.28 17.5 � � � �
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.63 32.6 � � 2.20 6.2
Group I................................................... 3.63 32.6 � � 2.20 6.2
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 6.70 6.5 � � 6.64 6.5
Group I................................................... 6.70 6.5 � � � �
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 6.70 6.5 � � 6.64 6.5
Group I................................................... 6.70 6.5 � � 6.64 6.5
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.35 7.9 11.41 6.6 11.16 30.7
Group I................................................... 10.56 7.0 � � � �
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.12 8.9 11.00 7.2 � �
Group I................................................... 10.62 7.2 � � � �
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.69 13.2 11.77 12.3 � �
Group I................................................... 10.69 10.0 11.77 12.3 � �
Personal care and service occupations............................... 7.14 10.3 � � 6.53 6.1
Group I................................................... 7.13 10.3 � � � �
Sales and related occupations....................................... 12.06 9.9 13.69 10.4 7.89 4.8
Group I................................................... 9.67 5.2 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 17.17 5.2 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 16.23 5.0 16.23 5.0 � �
Group II.................................................. 15.91 4.4 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 15.85 4.6 15.85 4.6 � �
Retail sales workers.............................................. 9.43 2.7 10.32 4.5 7.81 5.3
Group I................................................... 9.13 2.2 � � � �
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.48 4.0 � � 7.56 3.2
Group I................................................... 8.48 4.0 � � � �
Cashiers...................................................... 8.48 4.0 � � 7.56 3.2
Group I................................................... 8.48 4.0 � � 7.56 3.2
Retail salespersons............................................. 10.01 6.8 11.28 3.0 7.96 10.6
Group I................................................... $9.57 2.1 $10.79 6.1 $7.97 10.9
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.83 1.2 13.02 1.5 11.90 2.1
Group I................................................... 11.79 1.9 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 15.59 3.8 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 15.58 3.7 15.58 3.7 � �
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.97 4.2 13.80 6.8 � �
Group I................................................... 12.64 3.7 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 16.30 8.9 � � � �
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.23 5.1 14.07 10.6 � �
Group I................................................... 13.10 3.2 12.87 5.4 � �
Customer service representatives.................................. 12.62 2.9 12.62 2.9 � �
Group I................................................... 12.36 2.7 12.36 2.7 � �
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 10.16 11.4 � � � �
Group I................................................... 10.16 11.4 � � � �
Order clerks...................................................... 9.65 6.5 � � � �
Group I................................................... 9.65 6.5 � � � �
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 10.68 2.3 11.04 3.1 � �
Group I................................................... 10.44 3.8 10.72 4.5 � �
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.33 3.7 10.83 4.9 � �
Group I................................................... 10.33 3.7 10.83 4.9 � �
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.09 3.4 13.45 3.7 10.99 9.4
Group I................................................... 12.40 3.5 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 15.04 7.2 � � � �
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.61 3.2 13.86 2.7 � �
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.92 7.7 13.45 8.6 � �
Group I................................................... 12.39 7.3 12.38 7.6 � �
Group II.................................................. 14.47 16.3 � � � �
Office clerks, general............................................ 11.98 2.7 12.32 3.1 9.38 8.0
Group I................................................... 11.59 4.3 11.94 4.4 � �
Group II.................................................. 14.01 4.1 14.01 4.1 � �
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 15.92 8.7 16.04 8.6 � �
Group I................................................... 11.01 .9 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 19.06 1.1 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 24.17 4.7 24.17 4.7 � �
Construction laborers............................................. 10.86 1.0 10.86 1.0 � �
Group I................................................... 10.31 1.6 10.31 1.6 � �
Electricians...................................................... 17.86 5.9 17.86 5.9 � �
Group II.................................................. 18.34 5.0 18.34 5.0 � �
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 17.22 10.7 17.22 10.7 � �
Group II.................................................. 19.19 6.1 � � � �
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 19.13 6.1 19.13 6.1 � �
Group II.................................................. 19.19 6.1 19.19 6.1 � �
Helpers, construction trades...................................... $9.54 9.7 $9.60 11.5 � �
Group I................................................... 9.54 9.7 � � � �
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 19.94 3.6 19.94 3.6 � �
Group II.................................................. 19.94 3.6 19.94 3.6 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 15.77 3.8 16.06 3.9 $12.16 10.2
Group I................................................... 10.97 6.4 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 18.98 4.3 � � � �
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
installers....................................................... 16.82 3.6 16.82 3.6 � �
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 22.22 10.8 22.63 10.0 � �
Group II.................................................. 22.30 9.7 � � � �
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 12.93 14.1 13.14 15.8 � �
Group I................................................... 9.89 7.1 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 18.20 19.7 � � � �
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 10.70 10.4 11.17 9.9 � �
Group I................................................... 10.70 10.4 11.17 9.9 � �
Production occupations.............................................. 16.38 13.6 16.60 14.0 � �
Group I................................................... 11.45 7.8 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 18.21 3.1 � � � �
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 26.41 15.6 26.41 15.6 � �
Group II.................................................. 19.96 5.9 19.96 5.9 � �
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 16.17 32.2 16.17 32.2 � �
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 10.51 10.2 11.16 16.4 � �
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 10.56 8.9 11.45 6.5 8.08 6.3
Group I................................................... 9.71 6.7 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 16.35 14.9 � � � �
Bus drivers....................................................... 12.79 2.1 � � 11.90 1.3
Group I................................................... 12.68 1.2 � � � �
Bus drivers, school............................................. 13.10 2.9 � � 12.25 2.5
Group I................................................... 12.99 1.9 � � � �
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.66 9.1 11.75 9.7 � �
Group I................................................... 11.62 9.1 � � � �
Group II.................................................. 11.83 21.7 � � � �
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.74 12.8 11.74 12.8 � �
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 12.93 13.6 13.33 15.0 � �
Group I................................................... 12.97 15.3 � � � �
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 11.67 5.7 12.14 5.3 � �
Group I................................................... 10.96 4.9 11.30 4.9 � �
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 9.07 8.8 10.42 6.1 7.64 10.0
Group I................................................... 8.81 8.3 � � � �
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.03 11.6 10.69 10.3 7.58 12.0
Group I................................................... 8.79 10.8 10.29 9.6 7.58 12.0
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... $8.21 4.6 � � � �
Group I................................................... 8.21 4.6 � � � �
1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I
combines levels 1-4, group II combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines levels 13-15.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $7.13 $9.40 $13.26 $19.21 $28.94
Management occupations.............................................. 18.32 23.26 35.00 48.47 53.16
Financial managers................................................ 21.62 21.62 27.57 31.05 34.38
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.33 18.75 24.04 26.44 29.08
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 10.55 16.75 17.93 24.54 24.54
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 19.45 22.50 24.77 24.77 48.15
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.75 20.96 25.00 29.08 29.08
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.55 21.00 25.40 29.69 34.28
Engineers......................................................... 21.63 25.25 30.30 34.28 40.12
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 14.78 16.59 24.67 29.69 29.69
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 20.45 22.72 26.99 33.31 37.20
Community and social services occupations........................... 11.99 11.99 15.48 21.63 30.09
Counselors........................................................ 10.10 11.54 28.35 34.78 41.18
Social workers.................................................... 15.01 16.36 21.59 29.33 29.33
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 15.48 18.62 20.28 21.96 25.22
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 11.99 11.99 14.29 17.98 19.24
Social and human service assistants............................. 11.21 12.43 18.23 19.24 20.54
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 13.26 25.13 29.52 34.96 41.21
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 14.00 25.75 31.95 33.44 41.41
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 24.87 26.60 30.43 35.95 41.12
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 25.13 27.09 30.76 36.17 41.18
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 25.43 27.23 31.27 36.11 41.01
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 24.48 26.26 30.31 36.37 41.25
Secondary school teachers....................................... 25.37 26.92 30.43 35.95 41.21
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 25.37 26.92 30.43 35.95 41.21
Other teachers and instructors.................................... 10.78 10.78 16.65 22.68 47.47
Librarians........................................................ 22.25 30.12 35.48 36.60 40.55
Teacher assistants................................................ 9.74 10.28 12.14 13.28 14.84
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 13.36 14.56 22.78 30.33 32.97
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 11.40 14.42 18.74 25.78 31.70
Registered nurses................................................. 16.40 19.57 24.11 26.00 28.38
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 14.00 14.98 15.68 16.71 17.64
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 8.30 9.42 10.00 10.90 13.26
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 8.00 9.11 9.55 10.69 11.26
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 8.50 9.25 9.55 10.51 11.20
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 9.79 10.00 10.00 10.19 11.71
Protective service occupations...................................... 7.08 8.37 10.35 17.23 21.90
Fire fighters..................................................... 12.20 12.77 14.19 16.34 18.13
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 12.54 13.00 14.52 15.46 17.92
Correctional officers and jailers............................... $12.54 $13.00 $14.52 $15.46 $17.92
Police officers................................................... 15.76 16.84 19.09 23.01 28.26
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 15.76 16.84 19.09 23.01 28.26
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 6.82 7.15 8.35 9.61 10.35
Security guards................................................. 6.82 7.15 8.35 9.61 10.35
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................... 7.45 8.40 8.49 8.49 9.56
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective
service workers................................................ 7.45 8.40 8.49 8.49 9.56
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.16 5.80 8.00 10.71 13.57
Cooks............................................................. 5.65 5.65 7.50 8.00 9.00
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.16 10.30 10.71 13.57
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.16 6.11
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.50 5.75 6.00 7.50 9.00
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 5.50 5.75 6.00 7.50 9.00
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.96 8.43 10.00 12.40 15.22
Building cleaning workers......................................... 7.96 8.35 9.89 11.54 13.73
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 7.73 8.35 9.46 12.45 27.82
Personal care and service occupations............................... 5.35 5.75 6.25 7.65 8.92
Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.50 7.60 9.60 14.54 18.35
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 12.05 15.00 16.92 16.92 18.04
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 12.05 15.00 16.92 16.92 17.33
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.00 7.00 9.00 10.85 13.70
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.50 6.91 7.25 9.50 11.17
Cashiers...................................................... 6.50 6.91 7.25 9.50 11.17
Retail salespersons............................................. 6.00 8.15 9.50 11.00 14.58
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.00 10.63 12.50 14.55 16.70
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 14.38 15.00 15.00 16.54 17.48
Financial clerks.................................................. 10.00 11.42 13.75 15.50 18.00
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.62 11.42 13.75 15.50 17.05
Customer service representatives.................................. 10.34 11.64 11.99 13.94 15.24
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 8.44 9.60 9.76 11.17 12.28
Order clerks...................................................... 7.50 8.50 9.00 11.00 11.48
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.00 9.27 10.00 12.50 12.83
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.19 12.15
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 10.60 11.00 12.71 14.28 17.79
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 11.04 11.39 13.07 14.80 17.98
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 9.20 11.00 11.49 14.72 18.45
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.06 10.06 11.25 13.50 15.00
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.00 11.50 16.00 18.89 23.20
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 19.50 22.00 23.20 26.68 31.25
Construction laborers............................................. 8.50 9.50 10.37 11.88 14.00
Electricians...................................................... 14.50 16.88 17.62 18.41 22.19
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... $12.50 $13.64 $18.00 $21.50 $21.50
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 14.78 18.00 19.21 21.50 21.50
Helpers, construction trades...................................... 6.73 6.73 10.00 10.50 12.00
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 15.33 16.51 19.92 23.95 24.73
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 9.16 10.78 14.78 18.88 25.36
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
installers....................................................... 13.25 15.13 16.42 17.91 20.35
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 15.85 19.19 23.72 25.36 26.75
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 8.31 9.38 12.00 15.51 17.68
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 7.27 9.75 9.75 11.00 16.00
Production occupations.............................................. 7.83 10.00 14.78 19.21 30.78
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 14.78 18.75 30.71 33.20 35.81
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 7.25 8.50 10.90 26.51 27.71
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 8.14 9.00 9.35 10.50 17.00
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.00 8.00 9.75 12.00 16.75
Bus drivers....................................................... 10.22 10.86 13.10 14.63 14.63
Bus drivers, school............................................. 10.86 11.00 13.96 14.63 14.63
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 9.00 9.75 10.00 12.80 17.50
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 9.30 9.90 10.06 12.50 16.47
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 8.00 8.83 12.80 16.00 19.45
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 9.00 9.50 10.50 12.13 16.75
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 6.00 7.50 8.24 10.14 12.84
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 6.00 7.00 8.21 10.14 13.44
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 7.50 7.50 8.00 8.95 10.50
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $6.91 $9.00 $11.99 $17.98 $26.21
Management occupations.............................................. 17.63 22.16 35.00 48.80 54.49
Financial managers................................................ 21.62 21.62 25.64 31.05 34.29
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.33 18.75 24.04 27.88 30.75
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 10.55 15.00 21.85 24.54 26.21
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 19.45 22.50 24.77 24.77 48.15
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.65 21.00 25.49 29.69 34.28
Engineers......................................................... 21.15 24.76 29.28 34.28 36.83
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 14.78 16.59 24.67 29.69 29.69
Community and social services occupations........................... 11.99 11.99 13.74 17.98 23.90
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 10.78 14.54 23.01 30.46 38.59
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 9.50 20.89 25.75 32.14 40.21
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 19.97 20.81 25.32 31.09 42.86
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 20.81 21.12 24.56 30.31 36.83
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 14.56 20.70 24.94 30.83 32.97
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 11.00 14.25 18.20 25.78 31.25
Registered nurses................................................. 16.10 18.91 24.65 26.00 28.15
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 14.00 15.12 15.75 16.82 17.64
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 8.25 9.33 9.96 10.69 15.77
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 8.00 8.94 9.55 10.23 11.20
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 8.50 9.25 9.55 10.47 11.20
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 9.79 10.00 10.00 10.00 11.71
Protective service occupations...................................... 6.90 7.25 8.40 9.56 10.05
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 6.79 7.10 8.20 9.61 10.20
Security guards................................................. 6.79 7.10 8.20 9.61 10.20
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 5.75 7.73 10.71 13.57
Cooks............................................................. 5.65 5.65 7.50 8.00 8.00
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.16 10.30 10.71 13.57
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.16 6.11
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.50 5.75 6.00 7.20 8.24
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 5.50 5.75 6.00 7.20 8.24
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.73 8.00 9.50 12.40 27.82
Building cleaning workers......................................... 7.69 7.96 9.27 10.71 27.82
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 7.08 7.73 8.35 10.40 28.00
Personal care and service occupations............................... 5.35 5.75 6.06 7.65 8.20
Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.50 7.50 9.50 14.54 18.75
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... $12.05 $15.00 $16.92 $16.92 $18.04
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 12.05 15.00 16.92 16.92 17.33
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.00 6.91 9.00 10.82 13.30
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.50 6.91 7.25 9.50 11.17
Cashiers...................................................... 6.50 6.91 7.25 9.50 11.17
Retail salespersons............................................. 6.00 8.10 9.50 10.85 14.58
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.00 10.34 12.50 14.41 16.00
Financial clerks.................................................. 9.75 11.34 13.75 15.50 17.31
Customer service representatives.................................. 10.34 11.64 11.99 13.94 15.24
Order clerks...................................................... 7.50 8.50 9.00 11.00 11.48
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.00 9.27 10.00 12.50 12.83
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.19 11.35
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 10.10 11.00 11.39 13.26 15.63
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 8.41 11.00 11.00 11.00 14.76
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.00 10.00 11.25 13.38 15.00
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.00 11.50 16.00 18.88 23.20
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 20.00 22.00 23.20 26.68 31.25
Construction laborers............................................. 8.50 9.50 10.37 11.88 13.00
Electricians...................................................... 14.00 16.88 17.62 18.11 18.41
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 12.50 13.50 18.00 21.50 21.50
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 14.78 18.00 19.21 21.50 21.50
Helpers, construction trades...................................... 6.73 6.73 10.00 10.50 12.00
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 8.65 10.39 14.75 18.20 25.36
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 18.05 20.78 25.36 26.75 26.75
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 8.00 9.16 12.00 16.29 17.68
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 7.27 9.25 10.00 12.00 17.00
Production occupations.............................................. 7.75 10.00 14.78 19.21 30.78
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 14.78 18.75 30.78 34.15 35.81
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 7.25 8.50 10.90 26.51 27.71
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 8.14 9.00 9.35 10.50 17.00
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.00 8.00 9.50 11.01 16.60
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 8.50 9.75 10.00 12.50 17.00
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 9.00 9.40 10.06 11.50 13.00
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 8.00 8.83 12.80 16.00 19.45
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 9.00 9.50 10.00 12.00 16.75
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 6.00 7.50 8.21 10.14 12.84
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 6.00 7.00 8.21 10.14 13.44
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 7.50 7.50 8.00 8.95 10.50
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July
2006
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $10.52 $13.36 $18.54 $28.04 $35.95
Management occupations.............................................. 24.88 27.34 34.87 40.33 48.47
Community and social services occupations........................... 15.10 17.06 23.56 31.50 40.04
Counselors........................................................ 25.83 28.35 32.41 38.87 42.52
Social workers.................................................... 14.40 15.52 17.03 21.29 33.00
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 15.48 18.62 20.28 21.96 25.22
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 15.02 16.42 19.09 24.21 25.90
Social and human service assistants............................. 11.21 12.43 18.23 19.24 20.54
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 14.66 26.02 30.11 35.49 41.41
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 25.21 26.92 30.69 35.95 41.01
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 25.42 27.18 31.27 36.53 41.18
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 25.43 27.37 31.27 36.11 41.18
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 25.37 26.87 30.77 37.33 41.25
Secondary school teachers....................................... 25.43 27.10 30.51 35.95 41.18
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 25.43 27.10 30.51 35.95 41.18
Teacher assistants................................................ 9.74 10.66 12.18 13.32 14.90
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 14.61 17.31 21.18 25.68 36.04
Registered nurses................................................. 19.38 21.18 22.10 26.25 28.56
Protective service occupations...................................... 12.77 14.82 17.60 20.77 27.30
Fire fighters..................................................... 12.20 12.77 14.19 16.34 18.13
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 12.54 13.00 14.52 15.46 17.92
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 12.54 13.00 14.52 15.46 17.92
Police officers................................................... 15.76 16.84 19.09 23.01 28.26
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 15.76 16.84 19.09 23.01 28.26
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.24 8.72 10.18 13.33 18.06
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.24 8.93 10.21 12.39 13.73
Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.42 9.08 10.24 12.45 13.54
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.42 9.08 10.24 12.45 13.54
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.84 11.17 12.67 15.95 18.40
Financial clerks.................................................. 11.42 11.42 11.42 15.39 19.14
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 8.44 9.60 9.76 11.17 12.28
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 11.48 13.03 14.32 17.67 18.45
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 11.48 12.82 14.32 17.74 18.45
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.83 11.17 11.50 14.09 17.27
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.72 11.51 16.17 21.14 24.60
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 15.33 16.51 19.92 23.95 24.73
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 9.75 13.92 16.46 19.67 23.72
Production occupations.............................................. $10.52 $10.52 $17.20 $23.72 $30.18
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.92 11.06 12.59 14.63 17.12
Bus drivers....................................................... 10.22 10.86 13.29 14.63 14.63
Bus drivers, school............................................. 10.86 11.10 14.16 14.63 14.67
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 9. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Full-time workers
Occupation(3)
10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $8.49 $10.50 $14.75 $21.63 $30.78
Management occupations.............................................. 18.32 22.89 35.15 48.58 53.42
Financial managers................................................ 21.62 21.62 22.67 28.37 39.23
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.67 18.75 24.04 27.25 30.75
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 10.55 16.75 17.93 24.54 24.54
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 19.45 22.50 24.77 24.77 48.15
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 19.13 21.63 25.21 29.08 29.08
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.55 21.00 25.40 29.69 34.28
Engineers......................................................... 21.63 25.25 30.30 34.28 40.12
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 14.78 16.59 24.67 29.69 29.69
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 20.45 22.72 26.99 33.31 37.20
Community and social services occupations........................... 11.99 11.99 15.08 25.94 32.39
Counselors........................................................ 10.65 12.06 28.94 35.37 41.18
Social workers.................................................... 15.01 16.36 21.59 29.33 29.33
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 15.48 18.62 20.28 21.96 25.22
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 11.99 11.99 13.74 15.08 19.87
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 14.54 25.48 29.83 35.37 41.25
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 25.00 27.51 31.95 34.07 41.41
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 24.87 26.60 30.43 35.95 41.12
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 25.13 27.09 30.76 36.17 41.18
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 25.43 27.23 31.27 36.11 41.01
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 24.48 26.26 30.31 36.37 41.25
Secondary school teachers....................................... 25.37 26.92 30.43 35.95 41.21
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 25.37 26.92 30.43 35.95 41.21
Librarians........................................................ 22.25 30.12 35.48 36.60 40.55
Teacher assistants................................................ 9.74 10.28 12.14 13.28 14.84
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 13.36 14.56 23.24 30.83 32.97
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 11.30 14.39 18.20 25.03 31.25
Registered nurses................................................. 16.10 18.61 22.74 25.55 27.89
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 14.00 14.98 15.68 16.82 17.64
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 9.32 9.55 10.00 11.06 23.00
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.05 9.52 9.64 10.91 11.41
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 8.78 9.49 9.57 10.69 11.20
Protective service occupations...................................... 7.92 8.75 13.84 18.67 24.87
Fire fighters..................................................... 12.20 12.77 14.19 16.34 18.13
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... $12.54 $13.00 $14.52 $15.46 $17.92
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 12.54 13.00 14.52 15.46 17.92
Police officers................................................... 15.76 16.84 19.09 23.01 28.26
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 15.76 16.84 19.09 23.01 28.26
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 5.98 8.95 13.84 13.84
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.96 9.25 10.54 12.40 15.22
Building cleaning workers......................................... 7.96 8.87 10.21 11.54 13.54
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.21 8.87 10.26 12.45 14.14
Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.00 9.00 11.00 16.35 21.06
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 12.05 15.00 16.92 16.92 18.04
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 12.05 15.00 16.92 16.92 17.33
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.91 7.84 9.66 11.17 14.58
Retail salespersons............................................. 8.15 9.25 10.82 12.20 14.80
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.27 11.00 12.50 14.59 17.20
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 14.38 15.00 15.00 16.54 17.48
Financial clerks.................................................. 9.25 11.25 12.61 16.00 21.64
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.05 11.25 12.36 16.00 22.99
Customer service representatives.................................. 10.34 11.64 11.99 13.94 15.24
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.25 9.60 11.00 12.50 12.83
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.00 10.00 10.50 11.19 12.26
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 11.00 11.00 12.91 14.75 17.98
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 10.94 11.32 13.09 15.66 17.98
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 11.00 11.00 12.04 15.23 18.45
Office clerks, general............................................ 10.00 10.43 11.25 13.50 15.00
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.50 11.88 16.00 19.10 23.20
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 19.50 22.00 23.20 26.68 31.25
Construction laborers............................................. 8.50 9.50 10.37 11.88 14.00
Electricians...................................................... 14.50 16.88 17.62 18.41 22.19
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 12.50 13.64 18.00 21.50 21.50
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 14.78 18.00 19.21 21.50 21.50
Helpers, construction trades...................................... 6.73 6.73 10.00 10.50 12.00
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 15.33 16.51 19.92 23.95 24.73
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 9.75 10.78 15.00 19.00 25.36
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
installers....................................................... 13.25 15.13 16.42 17.91 20.35
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 17.25 19.30 23.72 25.36 26.75
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 8.65 9.75 12.00 15.00 17.68
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 9.50 9.75 9.75 12.00 16.00
Production occupations.............................................. $7.75 $10.00 $15.51 $19.21 $30.78
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 14.78 18.75 30.71 33.20 35.81
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 7.25 8.50 10.90 26.51 27.71
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 7.83 8.14 9.35 12.02 17.00
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 7.75 8.50 10.00 13.00 18.22
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 9.00 9.75 10.06 12.92 18.13
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 9.30 9.90 10.06 12.50 16.47
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 8.00 8.00 12.80 16.00 19.45
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 9.00 10.00 10.90 13.50 16.75
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.00 8.00 9.50 11.01 15.83
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.00 8.00 9.25 13.44 16.87
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 10. Part-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Part-time workers
Occupation(3)
10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $5.65 $6.50 $8.46 $10.71 $14.27
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 7.00 10.00 10.78 14.00 18.78
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.70 20.58 26.00 27.62 35.00
Registered nurses................................................. 23.46 25.97 26.00 27.16 29.59
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.78 8.46 9.32 10.35 11.61
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.75 8.00 9.00 9.91 11.25
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 8.00 8.65 9.30 10.35 11.25
Protective service occupations...................................... 6.75 7.00 8.00 9.61 10.20
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 6.67 7.00 8.00 9.61 10.35
Security guards................................................. 6.67 7.00 8.00 9.61 10.35
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 5.40 5.80 7.40 10.30 10.85
Cooks............................................................. 5.65 5.65 7.50 8.00 8.00
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 6.50 10.71 10.71 13.57
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.16 2.16
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.50 5.75 6.00 7.00 9.00
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 5.50 5.75 6.00 7.00 9.00
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.08 8.00 8.35 8.80 28.00
Personal care and service occupations............................... 5.35 5.65 6.00 7.65 7.65
Sales and related occupations....................................... 5.85 6.34 7.60 9.00 10.59
Retail sales workers.............................................. 5.85 6.00 7.25 9.00 10.35
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.00 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.40
Cashiers...................................................... 6.00 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.40
Retail salespersons............................................. 5.75 6.00 7.69 9.50 10.56
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 8.00 9.00 13.05 14.00 15.50
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 8.00 9.20 11.39 12.73 13.46
Office clerks, general............................................ 8.00 8.00 9.00 11.00 12.00
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 7.27 9.16 10.01 16.29 18.88
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 5.50 6.00 8.00 9.50 10.50
Bus drivers....................................................... 9.66 10.86 11.03 12.85 15.10
Bus drivers, school............................................. 10.26 10.86 11.62 13.15 15.84
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 5.85 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.14
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 5.50 6.00 7.00 9.25 10.16
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups
may include data for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $17.59 $14.75 $698 $582 39.7 $34,611 $30,056 1,967
Management occupations.............................................. 36.05 35.15 1,483 1,428 41.1 77,062 74,256 2,138
Financial managers................................................ 26.20 22.67 1,097 891 41.9 57,042 46,342 2,177
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 24.06 24.04 976 962 40.6 50,735 49,999 2,109
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 18.99 17.93 759 717 40.0 39,490 37,296 2,080
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 27.69 24.77 1,099 991 39.7 57,164 51,522 2,064
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.89 25.21 995 1,008 40.0 51,761 52,441 2,080
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 25.82 25.40 1,033 1,016 40.0 53,697 52,832 2,080
Engineers......................................................... 30.40 30.30 1,216 1,212 40.0 63,222 63,014 2,080
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 22.88 24.67 915 987 40.0 47,589 51,314 2,080
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 27.35 26.99 1,094 1,080 40.0 56,888 56,139 2,080
Community and social services occupations........................... 19.20 15.08 709 528 36.9 35,042 27,449 1,825
Counselors........................................................ 26.38 28.94 997 1,082 37.8 42,436 43,268 1,609
Social workers.................................................... 23.61 21.59 912 916 38.6 46,776 48,901 1,981
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 20.43 20.28 817 811 40.0 42,487 42,178 2,080
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 14.65 13.74 528 481 36.0 27,448 25,000 1,874
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.66 29.83 1,092 1,100 36.8 43,626 43,539 1,471
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 32.47 31.95 1,299 1,278 40.0 57,810 54,957 1,781
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 31.59 30.43 1,151 1,109 36.4 44,946 43,351 1,423
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 32.06 30.76 1,165 1,127 36.4 45,288 44,133 1,413
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 32.16 31.27 1,177 1,149 36.6 45,374 44,133 1,411
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.72 30.31 1,127 1,061 35.5 44,996 43,018 1,418
Secondary school teachers....................................... 31.87 30.43 1,165 1,111 36.6 45,058 43,268 1,414
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.87 30.43 1,165 1,111 36.6 45,058 43,268 1,414
Librarians........................................................ 32.67 35.48 1,251 1,290 38.3 56,531 51,946 1,731
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.18 12.14 432 438 35.5 16,122 16,327 1,323
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.98 23.24 883 939 38.4 44,444 47,819 1,934
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 21.54 18.20 849 734 39.4 43,737 36,695 2,031
Registered nurses................................................. 22.39 22.74 875 889 39.1 44,131 44,875 1,971
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.73 15.68 604 607 38.4 31,421 31,554 1,998
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.46 10.00 449 400 39.2 23,364 20,800 2,038
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.10 9.64 390 381 38.6 20,268 19,804 2,007
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.91 9.57 380 375 38.4 19,776 19,500 1,996
Protective service occupations...................................... $14.67 $13.84 $609 $581 41.5 $24,987 $19,989 1,703
Fire fighters..................................................... 14.76 14.19 775 737 52.5 40,313 38,316 2,731
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 14.82 14.52 594 581 40.0 30,864 30,208 2,082
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 14.82 14.52 594 581 40.0 30,864 30,208 2,082
Police officers................................................... 20.46 19.09 832 779 40.7 43,286 40,533 2,116
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 20.46 19.09 832 779 40.7 43,286 40,533 2,116
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.17 8.95 369 340 40.3 18,645 16,869 2,034
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.41 10.54 442 402 38.7 21,929 19,988 1,922
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.00 10.21 424 384 38.5 20,880 19,500 1,898
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.77 10.26 457 408 38.8 21,742 18,312 1,848
Sales and related occupations....................................... 13.69 11.00 553 433 40.4 26,918 22,506 1,967
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 16.23 16.92 696 654 42.9 36,212 34,000 2,231
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 15.85 16.92 684 654 43.1 35,558 34,000 2,244
Retail sales workers.............................................. 10.32 9.66 410 380 39.7 19,191 19,282 1,859
Retail salespersons............................................. 11.28 10.82 446 423 39.5 19,426 19,845 1,722
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 13.02 12.50 519 494 39.9 26,288 25,376 2,019
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 15.58 15.00 623 600 40.0 32,415 31,200 2,080
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.80 12.61 552 504 40.0 28,697 26,229 2,080
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.07 12.36 563 494 40.0 29,268 25,709 2,080
Customer service representatives.................................. 12.62 11.99 504 480 39.9 22,554 24,588 1,787
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 11.04 11.00 441 440 40.0 22,953 22,880 2,080
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.83 10.50 433 420 40.0 22,523 21,840 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.45 12.91 528 491 39.2 26,607 24,785 1,978
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.86 13.09 539 497 38.9 28,035 25,857 2,023
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.45 12.04 534 489 39.7 25,873 22,880 1,923
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.32 11.25 492 450 39.9 25,404 23,400 2,062
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.04 16.00 641 640 40.0 33,320 33,280 2,077
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 24.17 23.20 1,009 928 41.7 52,462 48,256 2,171
Construction laborers............................................. 10.86 10.37 434 415 40.0 22,583 21,561 2,080
Electricians...................................................... 17.86 17.62 714 705 40.0 37,152 36,645 2,080
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 17.22 18.00 689 720 40.0 35,825 37,440 2,080
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 19.13 19.21 765 768 40.0 39,799 39,957 2,080
Helpers, construction trades...................................... 9.60 10.00 361 336 37.6 18,792 17,472 1,957
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 19.94 19.92 798 797 40.0 41,478 41,434 2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 16.06 15.00 643 600 40.0 33,446 31,200 2,083
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
installers....................................................... $16.82 $16.42 $673 $657 40.0 $34,980 $34,154 2,080
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 22.63 23.72 905 949 40.0 47,062 49,338 2,080
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 13.14 12.00 526 480 40.0 27,327 24,960 2,080
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......... 11.17 9.75 447 390 40.0 23,225 20,286 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 16.60 15.51 668 640 40.3 34,746 33,280 2,093
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 26.41 30.71 1,088 1,231 41.2 56,563 64,027 2,142
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 16.17 10.90 647 436 40.0 33,633 22,672 2,080
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. $11.16 $9.35 $447 $374 40.0 $23,221 $19,448 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 11.45 10.00 456 400 39.9 23,487 20,800 2,051
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.75 10.06 470 402 40.0 24,436 20,914 2,080
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.74 10.06 470 402 40.0 24,425 20,914 2,080
Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 13.33 12.80 533 512 40.0 27,723 26,624 2,080
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 12.14 10.90 485 436 40.0 25,243 22,672 2,080
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 10.42 9.50 414 379 39.7 21,315 19,074 2,046
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.69 9.25 423 347 39.5 21,644 18,038 2,025
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Full-time(1) private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $16.59 $14.00 $661 $546 39.8 $33,314 $27,788 2,009
Management occupations.............................................. 36.30 35.15 1,502 1,440 41.4 78,082 74,897 2,151
Financial managers................................................ 25.99 22.67 1,089 891 41.9 56,616 46,342 2,178
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 24.52 24.04 996 962 40.6 51,780 49,999 2,112
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 19.46 21.85 779 874 40.0 40,487 45,440 2,080
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 27.69 24.77 1,099 991 39.7 57,164 51,522 2,064
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.96 25.21 998 1,008 40.0 51,909 52,441 2,080
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 25.95 25.49 1,038 1,020 40.0 53,969 53,019 2,080
Engineers......................................................... 30.10 29.28 1,204 1,171 40.0 62,603 60,902 2,080
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 22.88 24.67 915 987 40.0 47,589 51,314 2,080
Community and social services occupations........................... 14.84 11.99 530 466 35.7 27,557 24,253 1,858
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.22 25.75 1,030 1,030 37.8 46,442 47,174 1,706
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.71 25.32 993 949 35.8 43,272 44,555 1,561
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.03 24.56 993 921 35.4 44,982 44,555 1,605
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 21.00 17.39 829 705 39.5 43,133 36,645 2,054
Registered nurses................................................. 22.03 23.06 867 909 39.4 45,105 47,278 2,047
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.51 10.00 450 400 39.1 23,390 20,800 2,033
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.88 9.55 379 372 38.3 19,706 19,364 1,994
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.88 9.55 379 372 38.3 19,706 19,364 1,994
Protective service occupations...................................... 8.55 8.49 334 340 39.1 10,650 5,435 1,246
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.93 8.50 362 320 40.6 18,650 16,640 2,089
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.90 10.71 461 402 38.8 23,974 20,885 2,015
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.28 10.00 433 375 38.4 22,534 19,500 1,997
Sales and related occupations....................................... 13.72 11.00 554 433 40.4 26,954 22,506 1,965
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 16.23 16.92 696 654 42.9 36,212 34,000 2,231
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 15.85 16.92 684 654 43.1 35,558 34,000 2,244
Retail sales workers.............................................. 10.27 9.66 408 380 39.7 19,025 18,762 1,853
Retail salespersons............................................. 11.24 10.82 444 423 39.5 19,154 19,760 1,704
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.91 12.45 515 494 39.9 26,099 25,401 2,021
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.82 12.70 553 508 40.0 28,736 26,408 2,080
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.25 12.61 570 504 40.0 29,648 26,229 2,080
Customer service representatives.................................. 12.63 11.99 504 480 39.9 22,565 24,588 1,786
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 11.06 11.00 442 440 40.0 23,006 22,880 2,080
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... $10.59 $10.00 $424 $400 40.0 $22,023 $20,800 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.56 11.16 490 446 39.0 25,464 23,217 2,028
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.14 12.71 505 484 38.5 26,279 25,175 2,000
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.22 11.25 489 450 40.0 25,419 23,400 2,080
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 15.98 16.00 639 640 40.0 33,182 33,280 2,077
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers............................................... 24.44 23.20 1,022 928 41.8 53,147 48,256 2,175
Construction laborers............................................. 10.61 10.37 424 415 40.0 22,063 21,561 2,080
Electricians...................................................... 16.89 17.62 675 705 40.0 35,123 36,645 2,080
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 17.21 18.00 688 720 40.0 35,793 37,440 2,080
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 19.20 19.21 768 768 40.0 39,926 39,957 2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 15.89 14.75 637 590 40.1 33,107 30,680 2,083
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 13.44 12.00 537 480 40.0 27,945 24,960 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 16.53 15.50 665 640 40.3 34,604 33,280 2,094
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 26.30 30.78 1,084 1,231 41.2 56,389 64,027 2,144
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 16.17 10.90 647 436 40.0 33,633 22,672 2,080
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 11.16 9.35 447 374 40.0 23,221 19,448 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 11.22 10.00 448 400 39.9 23,216 20,800 2,069
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.49 10.00 459 400 40.0 23,894 20,800 2,080
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.03 10.06 441 402 40.0 22,948 20,914 2,080
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 12.06 10.90 482 436 40.0 25,090 22,672 2,080
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 10.42 9.50 414 379 39.7 21,315 19,074 2,046
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.69 9.25 423 347 39.5 21,644 18,038 2,025
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours,
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $21.84 $18.95 $856 $782 39.2 $39,542 $38,085 1,810
Management occupations.............................................. 34.66 34.87 1,383 1,395 39.9 71,518 72,580 2,063
Community and social services occupations........................... 25.10 23.72 972 954 38.7 44,749 42,418 1,783
Counselors........................................................ 32.69 32.41 1,224 1,194 37.4 48,557 47,548 1,485
Social workers.................................................... 20.86 17.03 818 689 39.2 41,653 35,984 1,996
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 20.43 20.28 817 811 40.0 42,487 42,178 2,080
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 19.87 19.24 795 769 40.0 41,339 40,011 2,080
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.03 30.11 1,102 1,109 36.7 43,263 43,268 1,441
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 31.83 30.69 1,160 1,127 36.5 45,039 43,268 1,415
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 32.29 31.27 1,175 1,146 36.4 45,303 44,133 1,403
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 32.23 31.27 1,180 1,149 36.6 45,492 44,133 1,411
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 32.50 30.77 1,158 1,098 35.6 44,573 42,268 1,371
Secondary school teachers....................................... 31.92 30.51 1,166 1,114 36.5 45,100 43,268 1,413
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education.................................................... 31.92 30.51 1,166 1,114 36.5 45,100 43,268 1,413
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.30 12.18 437 441 35.5 16,299 16,409 1,325
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.07 21.60 977 770 39.0 47,399 38,278 1,891
Registered nurses................................................. 23.67 22.10 900 845 38.0 41,141 39,000 1,738
Protective service occupations...................................... 18.73 17.67 811 747 43.3 42,154 38,842 2,251
Fire fighters..................................................... 14.76 14.19 775 737 52.5 40,313 38,316 2,731
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 14.82 14.52 594 581 40.0 30,864 30,208 2,082
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 14.82 14.52 594 581 40.0 30,864 30,208 2,082
Police officers................................................... 20.46 19.09 832 779 40.7 43,286 40,533 2,116
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 20.46 19.09 832 779 40.7 43,286 40,533 2,116
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.85 10.48 420 408 38.7 19,795 18,754 1,824
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.74 10.25 415 408 38.6 19,482 18,297 1,814
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 10.74 10.25 415 408 38.6 19,482 18,297 1,814
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 13.65 12.93 542 514 39.7 27,345 25,137 2,003
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.65 11.42 546 457 40.0 28,394 23,754 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 14.99 14.32 595 578 39.7 28,445 28,001 1,897
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 14.79 14.32 583 573 39.4 26,428 24,048 1,787
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.59 11.63 501 456 39.8 25,364 23,225 2,015
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.63 16.17 665 647 40.0 34,588 33,634 2,080
Construction and building inspectors.............................. 19.94 19.92 798 797 40.0 41,478 41,434 2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 16.74 16.46 669 658 40.0 34,813 34,237 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. $18.51 $17.20 $740 $688 40.0 $38,494 $35,782 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.88 13.70 545 541 39.3 26,127 24,794 1,883
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings(1) of private industry
establishments for major occupational groups, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC,
July 2006
1-99 100-499 500
Occupational group(2) Total workers workers workers
or more
All workers.................................. $14.88 $13.35 $14.06 $21.09
Management, professional, and related...... 25.05 23.17 23.84 28.32
Management, business, and financial...... 31.03 32.62 25.16 35.73
Professional and related................. 21.14 19.03 22.48 23.17
Service.................................... 8.62 8.40 8.88 10.01
Sales and office........................... 12.42 12.69 11.80 12.54
Sales and related........................ 12.06 12.77 11.10 8.44
Office and administrative support........ 12.73 12.61 12.55 13.17
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 15.75 14.79 17.97 �
Construction and extraction............. 15.84 15.30 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 15.55 13.01 17.82 �
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 12.93 11.12 11.00 21.24
Production............................... 16.30 12.01 13.19 �
Transportation and material moving....... 10.31 10.68 9.39 11.52
B
1-99 100-499 500
Total workers workers workers
or more
Occupational group(2)
Relative error(3)
(percent)
Relative error(3) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 4.1 5.2 7.1 7.1
Management, professional, and related............................... 7.2 11.2 7.2 13.2
Management, business, and financial............................... 10.0 14.8 7.1 17.6
Professional and related.......................................... 6.5 11.1 10.8 7.7
Service............................................................. 5.0 7.6 3.5 12.4
Sales and office.................................................... 4.8 7.7 3.0 2.8
Sales and related................................................. 10.0 13.5 6.6 1.7
Office and administrative support................................. 1.4 3.0 3.5 4.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 6.2 7.6 8.2 �
Construction and extraction...................................... 9.5 11.1 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 4.5 7.7 13.1 �
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 9.3 6.7 12.2 18.6
Production........................................................ 14.1 10.7 8.0 �
Transportation and material moving................................ 9.6 10.4 12.8 .9
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay,
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used
to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for
full-time(1) private industry workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $15.02 $13.11 $600 $500 39.9 $30,009 $25,000 1,998
Management occupations.............................................. 35.99 35.00 1,601 1,428 44.5 83,259 74,256 2,314
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 25.72 25.21 1,101 1,008 42.8 57,228 52,441 2,225
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.69 17.50 918 656 38.8 47,737 34,112 2,015
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.07 9.23 374 340 41.2 19,424 17,680 2,141
Sales and related occupations....................................... 14.52 11.00 595 437 41.0 28,216 22,506 1,943
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 16.33 16.92 717 722 43.9 37,273 37,523 2,282
Retail sales workers.............................................. 9.58 9.25 386 347 40.3 17,116 15,600 1,786
Retail salespersons............................................. 11.25 10.82 459 433 40.8 16,117 18,038 1,433
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.66 11.25 506 450 40.0 24,998 23,400 1,975
Financial clerks.................................................. 14.44 12.61 578 504 40.0 30,040 26,229 2,080
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 15.45 14.25 617 560 40.0 32,075 29,120 2,076
Construction laborers............................................. 10.61 10.37 424 415 40.0 22,063 21,561 2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 12.86 14.00 514 560 40.0 26,740 29,120 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 12.02 10.39 489 415 40.7 25,451 21,601 2,118
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 11.18 9.90 446 396 39.9 23,152 20,592 2,072
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.16 10.00 446 400 40.0 23,212 20,800 2,080
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for
full-time(1) private industry workers, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $18.29 $15.54 $727 $621 39.7 $36,958 $32,136 2,020
Management occupations.............................................. 36.48 35.78 1,449 1,477 39.7 75,335 76,814 2,065
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 24.13 24.04 964 962 40.0 50,138 49,999 2,078
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 19.46 21.85 779 874 40.0 40,487 45,440 2,080
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 25.94 25.40 1,038 1,016 40.0 53,953 52,832 2,080
Engineers......................................................... 30.12 29.28 1,205 1,171 40.0 62,655 60,902 2,080
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 22.88 24.67 915 987 40.0 47,589 51,314 2,080
Community and social services occupations........................... 20.21 29.33 771 1,100 38.1 40,080 57,199 1,983
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.78 27.73 1,150 1,079 38.6 50,244 50,145 1,687
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 29.27 28.05 1,064 1,071 36.3 41,999 41,801 1,435
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 18.98 17.25 761 710 40.1 39,561 36,894 2,084
Registered nurses................................................. 24.06 24.27 949 964 39.4 49,326 50,149 2,050
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 9.96 9.79 387 386 38.9 20,118 20,051 2,021
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.94 9.79 384 383 38.6 19,976 19,906 2,010
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.94 9.79 384 383 38.6 19,976 19,906 2,010
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.94 7.62 292 303 36.8 14,258 11,915 1,795
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.90 10.71 461 402 38.8 23,974 20,885 2,015
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.28 10.00 433 375 38.4 22,534 19,500 1,997
Sales and related occupations....................................... 11.83 10.65 463 416 39.1 23,872 21,528 2,018
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.54 10.75 447 420 38.7 22,991 21,632 1,992
Retail salespersons............................................. 11.23 10.40 433 390 38.5 22,508 20,280 2,004
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 13.14 12.50 524 500 39.8 27,130 26,000 2,065
Financial clerks.................................................. 12.80 12.74 512 509 40.0 26,619 26,489 2,080
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.44 13.75 538 550 40.0 27,950 28,600 2,080
Customer service representatives.................................. 12.68 11.87 507 475 40.0 26,047 24,690 2,054
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.92 12.71 498 477 38.5 25,874 24,785 2,003
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.81 12.71 491 477 38.4 25,550 24,785 1,995
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.53 12.16 501 486 40.0 26,065 25,293 2,080
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 18.08 17.62 723 705 40.0 37,597 36,645 2,080
Electricians...................................................... 17.05 17.00 682 680 40.0 35,459 35,360 2,080
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 16.90 18.00 676 720 40.0 35,151 37,440 2,080
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 16.90 18.00 676 720 40.0 35,151 37,440 2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... $18.94 $17.68 $760 $707 40.1 $39,523 $36,774 2,086
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 15.53 14.78 621 591 40.0 32,295 30,742 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 19.12 18.00 765 720 40.0 39,769 37,440 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 11.32 10.44 453 418 40.0 23,353 21,715 2,063
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 12.51 10.90 500 436 40.0 26,016 22,672 2,080
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 10.45 9.50 418 380 40.0 21,465 19,760 2,053
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.97 8.01 439 320 40.0 22,207 16,640 2,024
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 17. Union(1) and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC, July 2006
Union Nonunion
Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and
Civilian industry local Civilian industry local
workers workers government workers workers government
workers workers
All workers........................................................... $16.72 $16.76 � $15.86 $14.74 $21.45
Management, professional, and related............................... � � � 26.01 25.06 28.25
Management, business, and financial............................... � � � 30.91 31.03 30.04
Professional and related.......................................... � � � 23.73 21.14 27.98
Service............................................................. � � � 9.95 8.46 16.05
Sales and office.................................................... 23.62 23.62 � 12.43 12.35 13.42
Sales and related................................................. � � � 12.06 12.06 �
Office and administrative support................................. 23.62 23.62 � 12.72 12.60 13.53
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 19.11 19.11 � 15.26 15.01 16.68
Construction and extraction...................................... � 19.50 � � 15.11 16.63
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. � � � 15.23 14.80 16.74
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 16.31 16.39 � 12.40 12.22 14.54
Production........................................................ 17.31 17.31 � 16.08 15.96 18.51
Transportation and material moving................................ 14.55 14.71 � 10.11 9.78 13.32
Union Nonunion
Private State and Private State and
Civilian industry local Civilian industry local
workers workers government workers workers government
workers workers
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 6.5 6.5 � 3.4 4.2 1.2
Management, professional, and related............................... � � � 4.8 7.2 1.8
Management, business, and financial............................... � � � 8.9 10.0 9.2
Professional and related.......................................... � � � 4.0 6.6 1.9
Service............................................................. � � � 3.7 5.6 3.8
Sales and office.................................................... 9.8 9.8 � 4.4 4.8 1.0
Sales and related................................................. � � � 9.9 10.0 �
Office and administrative support................................. 9.8 9.8 � 1.3 1.5 .9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 5.6 5.6 � 5.9 6.6 3.1
Construction and extraction...................................... � 4.5 � � 9.9 5.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. � � � 4.8 6.4 4.8
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 7.8 7.8 � 10.9 11.7 6.5
Production........................................................ 7.7 7.7 � 20.9 22.0 16.3
Transportation and material moving................................ 14.4 14.5 � 6.8 7.4 2.4
1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 18. Time and incentive workers(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Time Incentive
Occupational group(3)
Civilian Private Civilian Private
workers industry workers industry
workers workers
All workers........................................................... $15.79 $14.69 $19.15 $19.15
Management, professional, and related............................... 25.97 24.97 27.46 27.46
Management, business, and financial............................... 31.00 31.15 � �
Professional and related.......................................... 23.76 21.16 � �
Service............................................................. 9.98 8.57 � �
Sales and office.................................................... 11.93 11.78 17.46 17.46
Sales and related................................................. 10.47 10.45 19.46 19.46
Office and administrative support................................. 12.86 12.76 � �
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 15.78 15.65 � �
Construction and extraction...................................... � 15.84 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 15.52 15.25 � �
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 13.02 12.93 � �
Production........................................................ 16.38 16.30 � �
Transportation and material moving................................ 10.50 10.24 � �
Time Incentive
Civilian Private Civilian Private
workers industry workers industry
workers workers
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.4 4.2 11.1 11.1
Management, professional, and related............................... 4.9 7.4 11.0 11.0
Management, business, and financial............................... 9.4 10.6 � �
Professional and related.......................................... 4.0 6.6 � �
Service............................................................. 3.4 5.0 � �
Sales and office.................................................... 2.2 2.4 23.1 23.1
Sales and related................................................. 4.9 5.0 33.8 33.8
Office and administrative support................................. 1.3 1.5 � �
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 5.5 6.2 � �
Construction and extraction...................................... � 9.5 � �
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 3.9 4.6 � �
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 8.8 9.4 � �
Production........................................................ 13.6 14.1 � �
Transportation and material moving................................ 9.3 10.1 � �
1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are
at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay,
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used
to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 19. Industry sector(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for private industry workers by major occupational group, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July
2006
Goods producing Service providing
Occupational group(3) Trade, Profes- Education Leisure
Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other
tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services
and es business services ity
utilities services
All workers........................................................... $15.52 $20.64 $11.73 - - - $17.05 $8.45 -
Management, professional, and related............................... 29.47 37.75 22.34 - - - 22.11 22.29 -
Management, business, and financial............................... 29.47 � � - - - 24.70 � -
Professional and related.......................................... � 26.73 � - - - 21.57 � -
Service............................................................. � � 8.32 - - - 9.92 7.74 -
Sales and office.................................................... 12.62 13.89 11.52 - - - 12.14 9.19 -
Sales and related................................................. � � 10.88 - - - � � -
Office and administrative support................................. 12.62 13.89 12.89 - - - 12.12 � -
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 14.84 18.56 15.16 - - - � � -
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. � 18.55 15.07 - - - � � -
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 13.41 17.09 10.47 - - - � � -
Production........................................................ � 18.21 12.62 - - - � � -
Transportation and material moving................................ 13.30 12.11 9.56 - - - � � -
B
Goods producing Service providing
Trade, Profes- Education Leisure
Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other
Occupational group(3) tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services
and es business services ity
utilities services
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 11.5 4.1 5.5 - - - 5.6 10.3 -
Management, professional, and related............................... 15.3 10.0 22.6 - - - 5.5 34.8 -
Management, business, and financial............................... 15.3 � � - - - 2.0 � -
Professional and related.......................................... � 1.4 � - - - 7.6 � -
Service............................................................. � � 1.5 - - - 11.1 9.9 -
Sales and office.................................................... 1.9 1.6 4.7 - - - 1.7 4.7 -
Sales and related................................................. � � 3.0 - - - � � -
Office and administrative support................................. 1.9 1.6 3.5 - - - 1.7 � -
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 9.3 4.4 2.4 - - - � � -
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. � 7.2 2.9 - - - � � -
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 5.5 17.2 5.8 - - - � � -
Production........................................................ � 20.5 8.8 - - - � � -
Transportation and material moving................................ 5.8 1.3 9.2 - - - � � -
1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a
sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC, July 2006
Private State and
Occupational group(2) Civilian industry local
workers workers government
workers
All workers........................................................... 701,700 594,900 106,800
Management, professional, and related............................... 168,200 112,900 55,300
Management, business, and financial............................... 46,000 40,300 5,700
Professional and related.......................................... 122,200 72,600 49,700
Service............................................................. 161,900 140,000 21,900
Sales and office.................................................... 184,600 172,500 12,100
Sales and related................................................. 84,100 83,300 �
Office and administrative support................................. 100,500 89,200 11,300
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 70,100 61,700 8,500
Construction and extraction...................................... 45,500 41,300 4,100
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 24,700 20,300 4,300
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 116,800 107,800 8,900
Production........................................................ 45,100 43,600 1,600
Transportation and material moving................................ 71,700 64,300 7,400
1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the
number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the
survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. See appendix B for more information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC, July 2006
Private State and
Establishments Total industry local
government
Total in sampling frame(1)............................................ 24,130 24,067 63
Total in sample....................................................... 326 278 48
Responding........................................................ 212 168 44
Refused or unable to provide data................................. 82 79 3
Out of business or not in survey scope............................ 32 31 1
1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed
from State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical
location. For State and local governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government
entity.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.